Essay about Michael Jordan

Essay about Michael Jordan When the name of Michael Jordan is mentioned, the first thing to cross everybody’s mind is, of course, basketball. However, it would be unforgivably primitive to describe him simply as a basketball player. It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that Michael Jordan represents in himself some unique or almost unique phenomenon that broadens his importance far beyond the scope of basketball and sport in general and makes him one of the most picturesque examples of the American Dream. His difficult childhood, full of all kinds of hardships and misfortunes (he was almost miscarried by his mother, was almost killed by accident many times, his nose bled till he was five, he lost his girlfriend in a flood when at college, one of his friends drowned when he himself barely escaped the same fate, his father was savagely murdered and so on, and so forth). People gave up or committed suicide for much minute reasons, but Jordan not only managed to enjoy his time at school and find his vocation as a professional basketball player, but also managed to bring his dreams into being in a fashion that may serve as an example for everyone who doubts his or her possibilities. Due to his participation, the Chicago Bulls turned into a club that is known to everybody, even to the people who have never watched a basketball game in their lives. He was and is among the most successful sportsmen in known history, expanding his activities from playing to using his name for endorsement of sportswear and other goods (is there anybody who hasn’t heard of Nike shoes? It is his work as well). Even though Michael Jordan’s sport career has come to an end, he is and will be one of the best examples of what can be done with the help of determination and belief in one’s own powers.

Chinua Achebes Heart of Darkness and Racism Essay

Chinua Achebes Heart of Darkness and Racism The Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe made claims in the 1970s that Heart of Darkness was a racist novella. My initial thoughts on this are yet to be decided during the course of this essay. While my thoughts are yet to have any significance, I do believe that Chinua Achebes remarks hold some truth. Achebes theory assumes that Marlow and Conrad are the same voice. This could be a reasonable assumption as research into Conrads life has given us knowledge of Conrads early years. In the heart of darkness the main character, Marlow has since childhood, had a desire to go there (Africa), whilst exploring maps of the world. Conrad, in the†¦show more content†¦The grandeur and excellence in which the Thames is depicted cannot bare any comparison to the two sentenced description of the Congo. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a mighty big riverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ resembling and immense snake uncoiled. And as I looked at a map of it in a shop window, it fascinated me as a snake would a bird a - a silly little bird. In contrast to the Congo, the river Thames can be seen as a highly favourable portrayal of such a populous and commended European symbol. With a nine paragraphed description of it and only a two sentenced observation of the Congo, it is easy to see why Achebe would fall to such a conclusion as the Heart of Darkness being a racist novella. The two sentences alone says quite a lot to enrage a true African patriot. The snake being the Congo and the silly little bird being Marlow, are two creatures of the wild that have not been known to have any reverence for each other. While one preys on the other, Marlow suggest to his audience that he was a victim of the never escaping charm of mans old foe - the snake. Certainly some of the language used about Africans in the Heart of darkness sounds to our modern ears outrageously racist. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a savage who was no more account than a grain of sand in a black Sahara. A fellow human being has just died here, yet Marlow feels the need to justify his remorse for theShow MoreRelated Misleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays1186 Words   |  5 PagesMisleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Chinua Achebe, a well-known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Throughout his essay, Achebe notes how Conrad used Africa as a background only, and how he set Africa up as a foil to Europe,(Achebe, p.251) while he also projects the image of Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe andRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness957 Words   |  4 Pages Chinua Achebe’s controversial essay published in 1977 focuses on the racist views woven into Joseph Conrad’s 1899 novella, Heart of Darkness. Achebe claims that Conrad uses many western stereotypes of Africa and subtly weaves them below the surface of his writing. However, due to the popularity of the novella and the skill of Conrad, his racist views go undetected. The most obvious indicator of Conrad’s racist views is the depictions of the people. They are described as â€Å"savage creatures,† yet Conrad’sRead MoreHeart Of Darkness Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel Heart of Darkness uses character development and character analysis to really tell the story of European colonization. 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Marlow narrates his adventures with a tinge of apathy for the enslavedRead More An Image of Africa Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAn Image of Africa Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad has been depicted as â€Å"among the half-dozen greatest short novels in the English language.† [pg.1] Chinua Achebe believes otherwise. In Chinua Achebe’s An Image of Africa: Racism is Conrad’s Heart of Darkness he simply states that, â€Å"Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist† [pg.5] Achebe argues that the racist observed in the Heart of Darkness is expressed due to the western psychology or as Achebe states â€Å"desire,† this being to show AfricaRead More Achebes Misinterpretation of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay718 Words   |  3 Pages Achebes Misinterpretation of Heart of Darkness nbsp; Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is heralded by many as a classic, but over the years has presented many problems of interpretation. 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Many black leaders have risen up and confronted those racist againstRead MoreEthnocentrism: with Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness?790 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism 1 Ethnocentrism With Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness? Antonio Arevalo James Campbell High School Ethnocentrism 2 Abstract This paper discusses Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrads most acclaimed novel, and attempts to determine what the heart of darkness that Conrad speaks of is. I found, through my interpretations, that the heart of darkness is the ethnocentrism that Europeans maintained in the age of colonialism. More specifically, this ethnocentrism broughtRead More Prejudice and Racism - No Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesNo Racism in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   Chinua Achebe challenges Joseph Conrads novella depicting the looting of Africa, Heart of Darkness (1902) in his essay An Image of Africa (1975). 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Corporate Insolvency In Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Insolvency In Australia. Answer: Introduction This paper briefly discusses various issues surrounding corporate insolvency. The paper is divided into nine sub sections that highlight different aspects of corporate insolvency in Australia and finishes with a conclusion. Signs of Corporate Insolvency and the Duties of Directors in that Regard There is no exact legal definition of insolvency and as such, it is a matter that is left to judgement (Cabinet Maker 2008, p.24). It is a matter of argument as to when exactly a company becomes insolvent. In general a company is insolvent when it fails to pay its liabilities as and when they become due (Corporations Act 2001, s.95). The following is a list of signs of corporate insolvency. Companies in financial distress will often forgo paying their tax liabilities in order to ensure that they have sufficient cash flow to meet their important supplier payments and pay wages. In the short term, this may be considered by many as an efficient use of cash resources. However, after the accrual of interest and penalties of those taxed in the long term, the tax liability imposed may grow to unmanageable levels. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission, in its insolvency guide for directors, have outlined a list of signs indicating that a company is becoming insolvent. These are as follows. Poor cash flow, continuous losses, lack of business plans, absence of forecasts of cash flows and other budgets, problems in debt collection and stock sales, increment in debt (more liabilities as compared to assets), disorganization in internal accounting processes, and financial statements that are incomplete. Other signs include loans that are unrecoverable to associated parties, creditors are unpaid outside the ordinary terms, demand letters and legal warrants being issued against the company, issues with obtaining finance, increment in the number of complaints by suppliers, loss of management personnel and director resignations, among many others (ASIC 2015, p.7). Potential liabilities of company directors in the event of a company becoming insolvent Directors of a company can be held liable in different ways when a company is declared insolvent. The Supreme Court of Australia held the directors of a company to be personally liable (Marsh, Roberts Webb, 2017). The reason for this finding by the court was that the directors were in breach of their duties hence incurring debts. The directors herein also made unverifiable payments which could not be ascertained. Furthermore, according to McDonald and Snead (2009, p. 3) courts have held that assets misappropriated by directors might be recovered. However, such transaction of assets ought to have taken place prior to the insolvency. The court continued to reiterate that the limitation period may be extended where fraud and breach of a fiduciary obligation are proved on the acts of a director prior to insolvency. In most instances, as discussed by Sellars (2001) p. 11, where directors are culpable, they are required to indemnify the company for any loses accrued due to their breach of duty or to pay the creditors outstanding debt. Avenues Available to the Company, in Particular, to the Directors if the Company is Presumed to be Insolvent There are several available avenues that the directors to a company can take when the company is presumed insolvent. According to the report prepared by Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services (2004), a company or rather the directors can agree with the creditors on how to settle the outstanding debts). Such arrangements should be set in a deed where which debts due would be settled. Additionally, the above report states that the directors can set aside transactions that might seem to be the cause of such insolvency. In turn the company would be restored to pre-insolvency stage. If at all a company is declared bankrupt, it ought to be remembered that a company is a separate legal entity that can sue or be sued. Therefore, if the directors duly discharged their obligations, thelaw protects them from being personally held liable provided that in their obligation they did not engage in insolvent trading. Finally, according to Rankin and Popkin (2004, p. 28) a director can demonstrate that they took reasonable steps prevent insolvency by settling accrued debts, appointing administrators and beginning winding up procedures. Furthermore, they argue that a director that seeks to disclaim the responsibilities leading to insolvency must cite the above three defenses. A director cannot allege that there were no reasonable steps that he could take to prevent the insolvency. Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary Interventions by Different Parties Concerned by the Potential Insolvency of a Company Voluntary intervention or administration in this instance involves members and directors placing the company to an independent person to assess the assets, cash and liabilities against the potentially insolvent company (Sellars 2001, p. 2.) Consequently such an independent person would recommend to the members whether a company ought to be wound up or not. In a voluntary intervention, a director need not to vacate office since such an administration at time is propagated by directors. However the court has held in the case of Dempster v Mallina Holdings Ltd that whereas other directors might be found liable others may escape liability. Involuntary insolvency involves an intervention by the Federal or Supreme Courts though an application by; the creditors, shareholders, directors or any other interested person. (Insolvency solution, 2017, Voluntary Involuntary Liquidation) indicates that creditor who is owed a debt may file an application to declared a company insolvent due to its in ability to pay the outstanding debt when due. Shareholders, directors and other interested parties may file an application of their respective interests in the company. Good outcome for a company other than being wound up by the creditors, and how might this be achieved Instead of being wound up because of an insolvency, a company should consider several options these include; receivership, voluntary arrangements, administration and provisional liquidation. According to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services inquiry into financial products and services in Australia (2009), in a receivership an insolvency practitioner is appointed by the secured creditors in order to settle outstanding debts. However it should be understood that receivership does not necessarily impute insolvency of a company. On the other hand, administration involves appointment of administrators to carry audits and determine the cash flow, assets and liabilities of a company. Administration would usually result to a deed being entered and subsequently measures to prevent insolvency being put down. Company voluntary arrangement involves an agreement being reached between creditors being owed a debt not to claim their debt as against the company. Th is would allow the company to rebuild its financial status or cash flow. Provisional liquidation is an alternative to winding up of a company, because with the application of any party involved, the court may order a provisional liquidation whereby assets of the company are placed into the hands of a provisional liquidator who would in turn determine whether a company should be wound up or not. Insolvency Statistics in Australian Companies The Australian market is mostly dominated by small as opposed to large businesses (ARITA 2015, p.348). Between the years of 2013 and 2014, 92 percent of company exits consisted of companies that employ less than five staff while 98 percent consisted of those that employ less than 20 staff (ABS 2015). Although failures represent merely a miniature fraction (below 10 percent) of all companies that exit,the available empirical data indicates that these exists are dominated by small and medium sized enterprises. This is not surprising considering that the economy is dominated by them, although it is also telling of the relation between their nature and the failures. With specific regard to insolvency, reports by the Australian Securities and Investment Commission suggest that between 2013 and 2014, 81 percent of the over 9000 initial reports of external administrators related to small companies of less than 20 staff (ASIC 2014). With respect to liabilities, ASIC estimates that 43 percent of companies that failed had liabilities worth approximately $250,000 and below, and 76 percent of fallen companies had liabilities amounting to $1 million and below. Furthermore, 41 percent of the small companies at the time of insolvency are usually without assets, while almost 80 percent of the remaining companies usually have assets worth less than $50,000. With respect to industry, retail trade (9%), food and accommodation industry (9%), construction (23%) and Other services altogether made up over half of the companies that were insolvent during the year 2013 and 2014. By contrast, fairly huge industries such as education and mining made up 1 percent of companies that ran into insolvency each. Topical Issues on Insolvency in Australian Companies There are several topical issues in the Australian companies, and especially with respect to reforms to the current insolvency law. The overarching objective of these proposals for reform is to drive a cultural shift from stigmatizing and penalizing failure to a system that balances between creditor protection and encouraging entrepreneurship (Law Society of New South Wales 2016, p.1).The first topical issue discussed by the reform proposals is reduction of the default bankruptcy period. This proposal has the overall aim of encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation. The second topical issue is the introduction of a safe habour in insolvent trading. The safe habour is aimed at operating as a carve-out to the section 588G of the Corporations Act for directors in insolvency situations. The substance of this proposal is to protect directors from personal liability in cases where a company enters into insolvency. The Role of ASIC and other Statutory Authorities in Corporate Insolvency ASIC: With respect to liquidation, the organization has the power to order the winding up of a company, and also, liquidators are required to report to ASIC. Under voluntary administrations, administrators also have various obligations for reporting to the authority. Furthermore, the ASIC and the court generally supervise the activities of receivers and property managers. The Court and ASIC also have powers of inquiry into the conduct of non-receiver controllers (AFSA 2014, p.10). Australian Financial Security Authority (AFSA): with its establishment under the Public Service Act 1999, AFSA registers all bankruptcies, personal insolvency agreements and debt agreements; administration of bankruptcy estates as the Official Trustee; and ensuring compliance by bankrupts, debtors and other related persons.It also maintains the National Personal Insolvency Index (AFSA 2014, p.4). Observations It is notable from the foregoing that the proposal for providing a safe habour for directors to shield them from personal liability is an important provision. Thelaw of insolvency as is currently constituted is draconian and harsh since they impose personal liability to directors who many times make business decisions in good faith. The safe habour provisions will remove the strictness in insolvency laws and allow restructuring efforts by directors during insolvency. This will in turn encourage a turnaround culture that will enable rehabilitation of businesses, especially considering the above statistics of business failure. The Governance Institute of Australia has expressed in its submissions on this issue that of safe habour and has proposed even further adjustments to the proposed law for its applicability in the Australian market. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper has discussed various issues in Australian Corporate Insolvency. One of the key issues noted in this paper in general, is the need for reforms in the law that governs corporate insolvency in the country as the available laws are quite harsh. This is with particular regard to personal liability of directors during insolvency. References ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2015, Australian Industry, 2013-14, 29 June, Cat no. 8155.0, Canberra AFSA (Australian Financial Security Authority) 2014, Financial System Inquiry - Submission of the Australian Financial SecurityAuthority in response to the Interim Report, August, AFSA ARITA (Australian Restructuring Insolvency and Turnaround Association) 2014a, A Platform for Recovery 2014, Discussion Paper, October ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) 2014, Insolvency statistics - Series 1: Companies entering external administration, viewed 19 September 2017 https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/find-a document/statistics/insolvencystatistics/insolvency-statistics-series-1-companies-entering-external-administration/ Law Society of New South Wales 2016, Improving Bankruptcy and Insolvency laws - Response to Proposals Paper, viewed 19 September 2017 https://www.lawsociety.com.au/cs/groups/public/documents/internetpolicysubmissions/1176437.pdf Australian Securities and Investment Commission August 2015, Insolvency: A Guide for Directors, ASIC, viewed 19 September 2017 https://download.asic.gov.au/media/3337054/insolvency_guide_for_directors_42_1-amended-aug-2015.pdf Cabinet Maker 2008, Directors Liabilities, 18 April, p.24 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Dempster v Mallina Holdings Ltd (1994) 15 ACSR 1) Insolvency solution, 2017, Voluntary Involuntary Liquidation viewed 20 September2017 (https://www.wais.com.au/corporate-insolvency/liquidations ). Marsh,S, Roberts,S, Webb,H 2017, The doubling up of insolvent debt: Personal liability of directors and the concurrent liability of holding company viewed 19 September 2017, https://e doubling up of insolvent debt: Personal liability of directors and the concurrent liability of holding compa Mcdonald, I, and Snead, J 2009, Reaching; The limit a recent court ruling gives rise to the spectre of further claims against directors, just when they thought they were safe view 19 September 2017, https://Reaching The Limit court ruling Ripoll, B., 2009. Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services: inquiry into financial products and services in Australia.Commonwealth of Australia. Ripoll, B., 2009. Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services: inquiry into financial products and services in Australia.Commonwealth of Australia. Ripoll, B., 2009. Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services: inquiry into financial products and services in Australia.Commonwealth of Australia. Sellars, M.A., 2001, February. Corporate voluntary administration in Australia. InForum for Asian Insolvency Reform. Insolvency reform in Asia: An assessment of the recent developments and the role of judiciary. Bali, Indonesia(pp. 7-8).

Laertes and Hamlet Essay Example

Laertes and Hamlet Paper Hamlet does not have the character to be a revenger, he can say he words, make promises to himself and others but when faced with the situation he cannot do it. Laertes has similarities with Fortinbras in the way he conducts his revenge he too is a man of action, and unlike Hamlet ready to fight anyone who he thinks may have had something to do with his fathers death. His readiness to believe that Hamlet is responsible for all the tragic events in the court during his absence and his willingness to go farther than the King to ensure that Hamlet will be killed in the fencing are witness to this. He is a very powerful character and behaves in a way Hamlet wishes he himself could act. Laertes is extremely angry, he thinks that Polonius should have been given a better burial and this spurs on his desire for revenge. In Act IV scene V it is announced that Laertes has burst into the court with a band if men threatening the lie of the king, whom he takes to be his fathers killer. Claudius knows that he must have Laertes on his side in order to keep the Danes on his side and to hold his position as king. He is scared Laertes will lead the Danes against him. We will write a custom essay sample on Laertes and Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Laertes and Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Laertes and Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So, almost immediately he devises a plan to keep Laertes on his side and protect himself from Hamlet at the same time. In other words, he uses Laertes to scheme against Hamlet, to save his own life. When Laertes returns from France Claudius jumps on the opportunity provided by Laertes fury at his fathers death. The King skilfully quietens Laertes and leads him to the plot by which Laertes will be the instrument of Hamlets death, as the king desires. Claudius spends a lot of time convincing Laertes of his innocence and Hamlets guilt, and hegoes on persuading Laertes until his mind is made up for him: he is determined to kill Hamlet. This is exactly what Claudius wanted and Laertes is now so angry at Hamlet he is prepared to do anything. Claudius is very sneaky in how he goes about talking to Laertes. And where thoffence is let the great axe fall. (Act IV scene v Line 213). Here is shown to already be fuelling Laertes desire for revenge and he is leading him straight to Hamlet. The King finishes his work of convincing Laertes that Hamlet, not he himself, is guilty of Poloniuss death and Ophelias madness. At first Laertes mistrusts him: why is Hamlet still free? The king makes a good case: he will not kill him for fear of alienating his queens affection, and, the people of Denmark love their prince. Instead he whips Laertes into a passionate desire for vengeance on Hamlet. In Act IV scene vii when the messenger brings the letters from Hamlet, Claudius is shocked Hamlet is still alive but does not allow it to weaken his control over Laertes. Laertes is desperate at this point having learned of his fathers death and seen Ophelia in a terrible state right before his eyes, and he unlike Hamlet, helped by encouragement from Claudius is ready to take revenge. Im lost in it, my lord. But let him come; It warms the very sickness in my heart, That I shall live and tell him to his teeth, Thus diddest thou. (Act IV, Scene VII Lines 53-56). Laertes is very active in his thoughts of revenge, he doesnt hold back; this is very different to Hamlets behaviour. Although Laertes does let Claudius take control of his revenge, not because he isnt capable of doing it himself but because Claudius provides such a good case that he should do it and Laertes should just focus on actually killing Hamlet. Throughout this scene Claudius builds up Laertes desire for revenge to such a point that Laertes is even prepared to take Hamlets life in a church. Claudius needs Hamlet out the way as soon as possible but is very devious and in his speech to Laertes drops no hints that any of the revenge he is planning on Hamlet is for his own purpose. That we would do, We should do when we would; for this would changes (Act IV, Scene VII Lines 118-119). Claudius tells Laertes that they should do at once what they want to do kill Hamlet or otherwise they will be influenced not to like Hamlet. This is ironic because Hamlets actions are continually put off by thought. Claudius is deadly, he has everything planned out the fencing the poisoning and he has Laertes to do the deed for him who has the motive to leave Claudius free of any blame. Laertes, like Fortinbras, has revengeful characteristics. It is not hard for him to think about murder and he agrees to Claudius plans straightaway he doesnt delay his actions, unlike Hamlet. This shows the audience the great difference in personalities between the revenge characters. When Laertes learns of Ophelias death it adds to his rage and his desire to kill Hamlet. Laertes is distraught at his sisters death, especially the way in which her funeral service was carried out, this adds to his hatred of Hamlet and leads to their fight in Ophelias grave when both characters seem prepared to kill each other. Fortinbras is not one of the main characters in the play, but he is always somewhere in the background. He is a definite man of action willing to fight whoever whenever. He is also very clever, in his first appearance in Act IV Scene IV, when he and his army are on an expedition to Poland to fight over a piece of disputed territory. The audience may realise that Fortinbras perhaps has an alterior motive to pass through Denmark on the way to Poland linked to his desire for revenge. He is perhaps passing through to see whats going on, to see whether an invasion would be a good idea at that particular point in time. Unlike Laertes and Hamlet, Fortinbras revenge is laid out to him on a plate; he barely has to lift a finger before he finds himself in the perfect position to take over Denmark. The most we see of Fortinbras is in the last scene after nearly all of the main characters have been killed. This quarry cries on havoc. O proud death, What feast is toward in thine eternal cell, That thou so many princes at a shot So bloodily hast struck? (Act V Scene II Lines 346-349). Here Fortinbras is basically saying that the heap of bodies cry out for merciless slaughter in revenge (havoc). To cry havoc was to give army the signal to break ranks and plunder what they had conquered. Fortinbras realises the opportunities now open for him, now that the royalty of Denmark are dead and he seizes these opportunities. I have some rights of memory in this kingdom, Which now to claim my vantage doth invite me (Act V Scene II Lines 371-372). Fortinbras knows he has the rights to the crown of Denmark, as well as to Norway, and now the opportunity invites him to claim his rights. Horatio tells Fortinbras that Hamlets dying wish was that Fortinbras would take the throne. Hamlet realised what would be best for Denmark and its future. Fortinbras is a replacement approved by Hamlet himself. This is how Shakespeare ends the play. The final scene is the climax of the revenge theme in the play. The three characters are each involved and each gets their revenge in one way or another. Laertes kills Hamlet with his poisoned foil. Hamlet kills Claudius though even at this point in the play Hamlet is avenging his mothers death not only his fathers and it is perhaps this a murder committed right before his eyes- which actually forces him to kill Claudius and when he does it is particularly striking that at this moment Hamlet utters not one word concerning the assassination of his father. Fortinbras arrives at the court to find the King Queen and heir to the throne dead and the position as king of Denmark wide open to him, none of which is through his own doing. Fortinbras symbolises the outside world breaking into the play the court destroying the vicious circle of love, hate and revenge. It is therefore very important. He provides a contrast to the rotten, poisoned state of Denmark. In Conclusion, revenge is one of the most important themes within hamlet. The differences in the ways Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras conduct their revenge lead to many of the events throughout the play and raise their interest value to the audience. The revengers are wholly responsible for the dramatic climax at the end of the play and the many deaths within it. Even though Claudius helps Laertes, and Hamlet should have taken his revenge much earlier on in the play. The final event of Fortinbras gaining the title King of Denmark is the climax of the revenge theme. The play begins with showing the strict security at Denmark because they fear invasion from Norway, but it ends with the Court of Elsinore and the position of ruler held within it left wide open for Fortinbras to take. This shows the total collapse of Denmark caused by the corruption and the revenge led by the characters throughout the play. Claudius efforts to kill hamlet paid off, but he got killed in the process, as well as his wife, therefore losing his position as King. Hamlet got revenge on Claudius but it was perhaps not justified. Laertes got his revenge on Hamlet but in the end made peace with him by asking Hamlet for an exchange of forgiveness, he wants them to die as friends. Many people have questioned why hamlet delayed his revenge, but there really is nothing surprising about it. It is one of the ways in which Shakespeare links hamlet to everyday life, to show him as human. It is the nature of all human beings to put off a searching task or an impelling duty involving something disagreeable or worse. (A man who has to write a difficult letter will tidy his desk e.g. before he begins). So with Hamlet; the delay is simple and can be matched with a similar inclination in us all. Shakespeare humanized Hamlet; the evidence talked about in this essay suggests that Hamlet is really delaying action because it is human to do so, and not part of his character. The events of the last scene are not what the audience would have expected to happen. One way to explain this is that Shakespeare wanted to disrupt the conventions of classical tragedy, which he may have seen as too heavily laden with stereotypes. His Macbeth, Othello, Brutus, even his King Lear, are, from the first act, so imprisoned in conventional attitudes that they become perfectly predictable. But, not in Hamlet; Shakespeare surprises us at each turn, it is the unpredictable, which dominates, and the final scene has only tenuous connections with the first act. Maybe Shakespeare chose in the final analysis only to present the themes, which for him had any fundamental importance: doubt and uncertainty therefore perhaps anticipating the theatre of the absurd and making it so popular.

Acid Drainage essays

Acid Drainage essays Acid mine drainage - causes effects and solutions For hundreds, even thousands of years, human beings have mined for metals and stones, and with the advent of greater technology as well as greater needs, the demands for these resources continue to grow. While these resources benefit our lives in many ways, the effects of mining can be detrimental, and one such effect is the topic of this essay, acid mine drainage (A.M.D.). The causes of A.M.D. will be discussed, along with some of the physical and biological problems associated with it. Some prevention and remediation treatments will also be considered. Acid mine drainage refers to water (leachate, drainage or seepage) that has come into contact with oxidised rocks or overburden that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, lead). (Keller, 2000; U.S.G.S.; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). A common sulphide is pyrite, or iron disulfide (FeS2), and throughout this essay it will be pyrite that will be the primary sulphide considered. Acid mine drainage is not a new phenomenon, early mining techniques utilized gravity to avoid water pooling, resulting in the water becoming polluted by acid, iron, sulphur and aluminium (U.S.E.P.A., 2002). It is most commonly associated with coal mining, especially with soft coal, coal that has high sulphur content. The pyrite that is present in coal seams will be accessible after surface mining when the overlying surfaces are removed or in deep mines that allow oxygen access to the previously inaccessible pyrite-containing coal (D.E.P. 1, 1997). After pyrite is exposed to air and water, sulphuric acid and iron hydroxide are formed, creating an acidic runoff (D.E.P. 1, 1997; 2 2002). When the water comes into contact with the pyrite, the chemical reactions that take place causes the water to increase in pH which will dissolve heavy metals which stay in solution. However, when the pH levels reach a certain stage, the iron can then precipitate out, coating sed...

Mircobiology research assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mircobiology research assignment - Essay Example Logging, whether legal or illegal, causes much deforestation. It has the capability of displacing certain microorganisms in a particular habitat. There is mutual existence in the forest between microorganisms and other species but this relationship has been altered due to deforestation creating some occurrences of new infective diseases and the re-emergence of the old pathogens with greater resistance and impunity. Some of man's activities contribute in decimating forests. Aside from logging, man clears land for agricultural food and non-food crops. Other factors that complement rapid deforestation include fuelwood gathering, charcoal making, mining, clearing of large tracts of forest ground for human habitation, and clearing of forest floor for water storage and dams facilities. With such activities, man has also created some man-made sites, holes, patches with stagnant water favoring some insect vectors. Such forest disturbance could benefit more the insect vectors. In Tanzania, for instance, malaria carrier Anopheles gambiaae found a nice breeding ground in shallow patches, pits, sewers, and holes resulting from deforestation. In 1960 in the Amazonian Brazil, malaria was declared as under control. After two decades, the disease however, re-appeared in greater proportion. Health authorities cited some factors that contributed to the new outbreak: human habitation into the rainforest, which provided the insects with new non-immune hosts, and the resulting man-made breeding sites with standing water. The same incident was observed along the TransAmazon Highway where more people contracted malaria due to increasing immigration and forest settlement. 3 Before deforestation, forest floor are naturally littered with organic layers (leaves, branches, and the like). This makes it quite acidic. Upon clearing or deforesting, the same piece of forest floor, now with man-made pools, is penetrated by sunlight making it warmer and at the same time rendering it neutral in pH. This condition greatly favors certain mosquito larvae to develop and multiply in enormous number. To have malaria, three conditions must be met: the presence of human hosts; the sufficient number of malaria transmitting anopheline mosquitoes; and, the favorable conditions such as temperature and humidity, for the complete development of the parasite in the infected mosquitoes. Some apparently healthy blood transfusion donors may also transmit the disease if parasites are not fully eradicated in him. So far, four species of malarial parasites are recognized as pathogenic to man: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. They produce different clinical fever symptoms. Malaria has an interesting story. The early Romans thought that the disease was caused by foul air rising from the marshes. And so they drained the marshes to reduce the breeding places of mosquitoes. In so doing, unintentionally, they also reduced the occurrence of malarial infestation.

How does Hobbes believe that a science of politics is possible Essay

How does Hobbes believe that a science of politics is possible - Essay Example The same would apply in ensuring maintenance of peace and avoiding civil conflict. Hobbes’ science of politics carries scientific proofs leading to such a conclusion. It is not possible to exaggerate the philosophical importance of Hobbes because of the geometric proof entailed in his political argument. Francis Bacon appears to influence the process followed by Thomas Hobbes in formulating his science of politics. The geometric methodology is pronounced in the political philosophy compared to how he treats the laws of nature. Following the provision of quick definitions and conclusions that come in a series, an unfathomable logical consistency emerges relating to prudential results. The author defines the laws of nature as realistic precepts guiding people to the state of peace. To begin with, each person needs to seek peace with other people in the world. The only exemption is when the others do not have an interest in peace. However, the peace seeker should invoke helps of war. According to Hobbes, the first law of nature of seeking peace has two subdivisions. The first category supports a state of peace by making it mandatory for people to fulfil the desire for self-preservation. On the other hand, the law appreciates the fact that coexisting peacefully calls for reciprocity. Chances of establishing peace become slim if only one party takes the responsibility. This aspect led t the formulation of the second part of the first law. The aim was to have an all-round law accommodating possible situations. Te second part asks the peace seeker to use violent means to survive if others do not want to cooperate. Already, people retain personal rights to determine what can help them survive. Continued existence of the right is the main source of war and other forms of conflict (Sorell 53). Therefore, attainment of peace requires people to